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"BRAHV OF CONGRESS 

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Hollinger Corp. 



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DniYersity ol the State ol New York Bnlletin 

Entered as second-class matter August 2, 1013, at the Post OfSce at Albany, N. Y., 
under the act of August 24, 1912 

Published fortnightly 



No. 597 



ALBANY, N. Y. 



August 15, 1915 



Division of Agricultural and Industrial Education 
Rural Education Series 
Bulletin 1 

SCHOOLS OF AGRICULTURE, MECHANIC ARTS 
AND HOMEMAKING 

THE COURSE OF STUDY 

SUPPLEMENTING BULLETIN S43 

LAYTON S. HAWKINS 
Specialist in Agricultural Education 
and 
GEORGE A. WORKS 
Professor of Rural Education 



This series of bulletins is issued jointly by the Division of Agricultural and Indus- 
trial Education of The University of the State of New York and the Department 
of Rural Education of the New York State College of Agriculture at Cornell Uni- 
versity 



ALBANY 

THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK 

1915 

T24r-JeiS-8oo (7-7482) 



THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK 

Regents of the University 
With years when terms expire 

191 7 St Clair McKelway M.A. LL.D. D.C.L. L.H.D. 

Chancellor Brooklyn 

1926 Pliny T. Sexton LL.B. LL.D. Vice Chancellor Palmyra 

1927 Albert Vander Veer M.D. M.A. Ph.D. LL.D. Albany 

1922 Chester S. Lord M.A. LL.D. ----- New York 

1918 William Nottingham M.A. Ph.D. LL.D. - - Syracuse 
192 1 Francis M. Carpenter ------- Mount Klisco 

1923 Abram I. Elkus LL.B. D.C.L. ----- New York 

1924 Adelbert Moot LL.D. ------- Buffalo 

1925 Charles B, Alexander M.A. LL.B. LL.D. 

Litt.D. ----------- Tuxedo 

1919 John Moore ---------- Elmira 

1920 Andrew J. Shipman M.A. LL.B. LL.D. - - New York 
1916 Walter Guest Kellogg B.A. ----- Ogdensburg 

President of the University 
and Commissioner of Education 

John H. Finley M.A. LL.D. L.H.D. 

Assistant Commissioners 

Augustus S. Downing M.A. L.H.D. LL.D. For Higher Education 
Charles F. Wheelock B.S. LL.D. For Secondary Education 
Thomas E. Finegan M.A. Pd.D. LL.D. For Elementary Education 

Director of State Library 

James L Wyer, Jr, M.L.S. 

Director of Science and State Museum 

John M. Clarke Ph.D. D.Sc. LL.D. 

Chiefs and Directors of Divisions 

Administration, George M. Wiley M.A. 

Agricultural and Industrial Education, Arthur D. Dean D.Sc, 

Director 
Archives and History, James A. Holden B.A., Director 
Attendance, James D. Sullivan 
Educational Extension, William R. Watson B.S. 
Examinations, Harlan H. Horner M.A. 
Inspections, Frank H. Wood M.A. 
Law, Frank B. Gilbert B.A. 
Library School, Frank K. Walter M.A. M.L.S. 
Public Records, Thomas C. Quinn 
School Libraries, Sherman Williams Pd.D. 
Statistics, Hiram C. Case 
Visual Instruction, Alfred W. Abrams Ph.B. 



a OF 0, 



In the preparation of this bulletin assistance has been 
received from the following sources: 

1 Committees representing the teachers of vocational 
agriculture and the State College of Agriculture. 

2 Anna C. Hedges Ph. D., specialist in vocational educa- 
tion for girls. 

3 The department of home economics of the New York 
State College of Agriculture at Cornell University. 

4 Principals of schools maintaining courses in agri^ 
culture and homemaking. 



k 



SCHOOLS OF AGRICULTURE, MECHANIC ARTS 
AND HOMEMAKING 

THE COURSE OF STUDY 

SUPPLEMENTING BULLETIN 543 

AGRICULTURE 

A three years' trial of the present arrangement of subject matter 
in agriculture for the vocational Courses has shown it to Ije very 
satisfactory so far as sequence of subjects is concerned. The chief 
difficulty has been to arrange the general school program to pro- 
vide for double laboratory periods in two subjects for the same 
group of pupils. Beginning with the fall of 1015, although retaining 
the same sequence of subject matter, the agriculture for each year, 
including both laboratory and recitation, will be given fi\-e double 
periods each week. Instead of dividing the general subject of agri- 
culture into the unit subjects (farm mechanics, poultry, farm crops, 
etc.) the division will now be made on the basis of a full year's work 
with the terms first year agriculture, second year agriculture, third 
year agriculture and fourth year agriculture. In order to accommo- 
date third and fourth year pupils who have started the course under 
the unit subject plan, it may be necessary for some schools to teach 
one or more of the unit subjects (fruit growing, animal husbandr^^ 
etc.) the coming year in addition to first or second year agriculture. 

The following suggestions are not intended to indicate the sequence 
of topics but rather the general scope of the work of each year: 

First year agriculture 

1 Nomenclature (poultry) 12 Poultry bibliography 

2 Body types and selection 13 Opportunities in poultry 

3 Gross anatomy and prepara- husbandry 

tion of poultry for market 14 Wood construction and draw- 

4 Study of poultry houses and ing 

appliances 1 5 Forge work 

5 Breeds and judging 16 Lettering and geometrical 

6 Breeding constructions 

7 Feeding 17 Rope and leather work 

8 Eggs 18 Construction of poultry appli- 
g Incubation • ances 

10 Brooding and rearing ig Repair work from home 

1 1 Diseases and sanita,tion 



Suggested division of time 

Shop 80 double periods 

Drawing 20 

Poultry 60 

Project 20 

Second year agriculture 

1 Com, potatoes and other fall 12 Relation of soils to moisture 

crops 13 Feeding of plants 

2 Meadows and pastures ^^ Sq^j amendments 

3 Small grains_ _ ^^ q^^^^.^ ^^^^^^ -^ ^^-^ 

4 Seed mspection and testing . , . •■ ■ r 

5 Conditions favorable to plant ^^ Adaptation and rotation of 

growth c^ops 

6 Diseases and insects 1 7 Classification and distribution 

7 Forage crops of soils 

8 Nature and variation of soils ^g Relations between soils, crops 

Q Phvsical properties of soils , r _„ ^^^^4- 

^ • r • r -1 S'^^ farm management 

10 Origin and formation of soils 

11 Relations between plants and ^9 -Li age 

soils 

Suggested division of time 

Type crops ' 30 double periods 

Other crops 60 " 

Soils and fertilizers 70 " 

Project 20 

Third year agriculture 

1 Local fruit survey 15 The dairy cow 

2 Fall pruning and planting 16 Draft horses 

3 Cover crops 17 Swine, sheep and beef cattle 

4 Picking and packing 18 Feeds 

5 Marketing 19 Live stock management 

6 Fruit exhibit 20 Milk testing 

7 Insects and diseases 2 1 Dairy records and accounts 

8 Pruning 22 Milk composition and prop- 

9 Propagation erties 

10 Renovation 23 Milk products 

11 Sprays and spraying 24 Care and handling of milk 

12 Planting 25 Marketing 

13 Care and management 26 Important laws affecting Uve 

14 Thinning stock interests 



9 

Suggested division of time 

Dairy sections 

Fruit growing 60 double periods 

Animal husbandry, including 

dairy cattle 80 " 

Dairying 20 " 

Project 20 " 

Fruit sections 

Fruit growing 100 double periods 

Animal husbandry 50 " 

Dairying 10 " 

Project 20 " 

Fourth year agriculture 

1 Farm records and accounts 5 Marketing 

2 Farm layout 6 Leveling 

3 Building plans 7 Drainage 

4 Farm business and law 8 Cement construction 

Contracts, negotiable papers, 9 Farm machinery 
interest, partnership, in- 
surance 

Suggested division of time 

Farm management 90 double periods 

Leveling, drainage, cement 30 

Farm machinery 60 

A suggested course in agriculture for high schools of agriculture ^ 

First year a^week Second year i^week 

English 4 English 3 

Algebra 5 Plane geometry 5 

Biology 5 History 3 

First year agriculture 10 Second year agriculture. ... 10 

Third year Fourth year 

English 3 English 3 

Physics or chemistry 5 American history with civics. 5 

Third year agriculture 10 Fourth year agriculture. . . 10 

1 Substitute for page 9 of University of the State of New York Bulletin 543 



10 

Notes concerning the course of study in agriculture 

1 This plan calls for a double period each day for agriculture and 
is based on the asstunption that a home project is a part of the work 
for each of the first three years; credit for the work of the year is 
to be given only after completion of the project. 

2 First and second year agriculture are prerequisite to third and 
fourth year agriculture. 

3 Regents credit of 7I counts is given for each year's work in 
agriculture. 

4 For projects of sufficient importance to deserve it, additional 
credit may be allowed. Such additional credit should not be more 
than I or 2 counts. 

5 In order that one teacher may teach the four years of agriculture, 
it will be necessary to alternate at least some two years of the work. 
If the entering class is large each year it might be well to teach first 
and second year agriculture every year and alternate third and 
fourth year. 

6 A pupil who takes fourth year agriculture before third year 
agriculture may choose his project for the year along the line of 
either the third or fourth year's work. Since animal husbandry, 
dairy, fruit and farm management projects require at least a full 
year or, better, two years of time,- it is advisable to start the third 
project at the beginning of the third year instead of waiting until 
March of that year. The project experience of the first two years 
will enable the pupils to start the third project without much pre- 
liminary class work. 

7 Before a pupil is enrolled in the course the project conditions 
should be thoroughly explained to him and to his parents or guardians 
and a definite understanding reached concerning the opportunities 
for carrying on his projects. 

SOME NEW BOOKS ON AGRICULTURE 

American Horticultural Manual (two parts). Budd and Hansen- 

Wiley $3 net 
Breeding of Farm Animals. M. W. Harper. Judd $1.50 
Dairy Laboratory Guide. G. L. Martin. Webb 50c 
Dairy Cattle and Milk Production. C. H. Eckles. Macmillan 

$1.60 net 
Essentials of Agriculture. H. J. Waters. Ginn $1.25 
Farm Animals. Hunt & Burkett. Judd $1.50 
Farm Shop Work. Brace & Mayne. Amer. Bk Co. Si 



Farm .Structures. J. T. Ekblaw. Macmillan Si. 7 5 net 
Forage Plants and Their Culture. C. V. Piper. Macmillan $1.75 net 
Field Management. E. C. Parker. Webb $1.50 
Forage Crops. E. B. Voorhees. Macmillan $1.75 
Field Crop Production. G. Livingston. Macmillan Si. 40 
Feeding of Animals. W. H. Jordan. Macmillan Si. 50 
H arpers ' B 00k for Young Gardeners . A . H . Verrill . H arper $1.20 net 
Home Vegetables Garden. Adolph Kruhm. Judd $1.50 
Handbook for Farmers and Dairymen. F. W. Woll. Wiley $1.50 net 
How to Keep Hens for Profit. C. S. Valentine. Macmillan $1 .50 net 

(Stand. Lib. ed. 50c) 
Injurious Insects. W. C. O'Kanc. Macmillan $2 net 
Material and Methods in High School Agriculture. W. G. Hummel. 

Macmillan $1.25 net 
Manual of Fruit Insects. N. V. Slingerland & C. R. Crosby. 

Macmillan S2 net 
Manual of Weeds. A. E. Georgia. Macmillan $2 net 
Manures and Fertilizer. H. J. Wheeler. Macmillan Si. 60 net 
Poultry Production. W. A. Lippincott. Lea Febiger Co. $2 
Productive Poultry Husbandry. H. R. Lewis. Lippincott $2 net 
Principles and Practice of Judging Live-stock. C. W. Gay. 

Macmillan Si .50 net 
Practical Lessons in Agriculture. I vins & Merrill. Amer. Bk Co. 84c 
Productive Orcharding. F. C. Sears. Lippincott Si-So net 
Profitable Horse Husbandry. C. W. Gay. Lippincott Si. 50 net 
Productive Farming. K. C. Davis. Lippincott Si -2 5 net 
Poultry Keeping. H. R. Lewis. Lippincott Si net 
Productive Vegetable Growing. J. W. Lloyd. Lippincott $1.50 net 
Principles' of Plant Culture. E. S. Goff. Webb Si 
Plant Breeding. Bailey & Gilbert. Macmillan S2 net 
Productive Feeding of Farm Animals. F. W. Woll. Lippincott 

Si. 50 net 
Productive vSwine Husbandry. G. E. Day. Lippincott Si .50 net 
Principles of Bookkeeping and Farm Accounts. Bexell & Nichols. 

Amer. Bk Co. 65c 
Soil Management. F. H. King. Judd Si. 50 net 
Text-book of Grasses. A. S. Hitchcock. Macmillan Si. 50 net 
That Farm. Harry Whittingham. Doubleday Si. 20 

HOMEMAKING 

Beginning with the fall of 191 5 the homemaking for each year, 
including both laboratory and recitation, will be given five double 



12 

periods each week. Instead of dividing the general subject of home- 
making into the unit subjects (cooking, sewing, laundering, costume 
drawing, household management, etc.) the division will now be 
made on the basis of a full year's work with the terms first year 
homemaking, second year homemaking, third year homemaking and 
fourth year homemaking. 

The following suggestions are not intended to indicate the sequence 
of topics but rather the general scope of the work of each year: 

First year homemaking 

Double 
periods 

1 The art of cooking (single foods) 40 

a Cereals e Gelatine and fruit jelly 

b Starchy vegetables / Meats 

c Dried vegetables and fruits g Milk 

d 'Sugars — canning and pre- h Eggs 
serving 

2 The art of cooking (combinations) 30 

a Flour mixtures g Frostings 

h Egg mixtures h Salads and dressings 

c Soups i Pickles and sauce relishes 

d Croquettes . / Jellies, jams and preserves 

e Gelatine dishes k Puddings 

/ Frozen desserts 

3 Preparing meals 30 

a Breakfasts e Picnic lunches 

b Dinners / School lunches 

c Suppers g Work lunches 

d Luncheons 

4 Science of foods (composition, characteristics and uses) . . 20 
a Water g Milk 

b Grains h Eggs 

c Roots and tubers i Meat 

d Leaves ; Gelatine 

e Stems k Fats and oils 

/ Fruit / Sugars and syrups 

5 Science of foods 20 

a Yeasts and mxoulds c Preservation of foods 

b Leavening agents 



13 



6 Science of foods 

a Methods of cooking 

b Means of cooking 

7 The art of laundering 

a Equipment and suppHes 

b Sorting 

c Removing stains 

d Soaking, rubbing and boiHng 



20 



c Fuel 

d Implements 



e Bluing, wringing, starching, 

dr\'ing and sprinkling 
/ Ironing, folding and pinning 



Second year homemaking 



hand 



I The art of sewing 

a Stitches and seams 
and machine 

b Measurements, patterns, lay- 
ing out and cutting 



c House articles 
d Undergarments 
e Babies' dresses 
/ Unlined dresses 



2 Costume drawing and designing. . . 
a Type figures c 
b Costume 

3 Science of clothing; 

a Analytic study of textiles 

b Other clothing materials 
c Hygiene of clothing 
d Economics of clothing 
(i) Homemade and ready- 
made 

(2) Choice of materials 

(3) Wardrobe budget 

(4) Care and repair 



Head dress 



40 



40 



Third year homemaking 



Location and construction of house , 

a Convenience 

b Surroundings 

c Construction 

d Ventilation and heating 



e Water supply 
/ Refrigeration 
g Lighting 



30 



2 Household science 

a Household chemistry 
bacteriology 



and b Household physics 



30 



14 



3 Arrangement and equipment of rooms 20 

4 Decoration and furnishing 20 

5 Tool and repair work 10 

6 Dressmaking and milliner}^ 70 

Fourth year homemaking 

1 Dietetics 70 

a Dietaries c Cookery for invahds 

b Ahmentation and convalescents 

2 General sanitation 20 

a Infection and contagion c Uncooked foods 

b Water, milk, ice, meat and d Asepsis and antisepsis 
fruit supply e Control of infection 

3 First aid • 10 

4 Home nursing 20 

5 Care of children 10 

6 Home management 40 

a Ideals of management d Care of perishable supplies 

b Organization of work e Household accounts 

c Purchasing 

7 Organizations and organized endeavors 10 

a Homemakers organizations b Parliamentary order 



A suggested course in homemaking for high schools of agriculture 



Hours 
a week 



First year 

English 4 

Algebra 5 

Biology 5 

First year homemaking 10 



Second year ^ ^^ee^k 

English 3 

Geometry 5 

History 3 

Second year homemaking. . . 10 



Third year 

English 3 

Physics or chemistry 5 

Third year homemaking .... 10 



Fourth year 

English 3 

American history with civics. 5 

Fourth year homemaking. . . 10 



Notes concerning the course of study in homemaking 

I This plan calls for a double period each clay for homemaking 

and is based upon the assumption that a satisfactory arrangement 

^ Substitute for page 10 of University of the State of New York Bulletin 543. 



IS 

shall be made for the pupils to practise at home the principles learned 
in the classroom and laboratory. Teachers should provide for 
reports from pupils, such reports to be vouched for by the parent. 

2 First and second year homemaking are prerequisite to third and 
fourth year homemaking. 

3 Regents credit of y^ counts is given for each year's work in 
homemaking under conditions stated in (i), such arrangements to 
be approved in advance by the Department. 

4 In order that one teacher may teach the four years of home- 
making it will be necessary to alternate at least some two years of 
the work. Experience has shown that it is better to teach first and 
second year homemaking each year and alternate third and fourth 
year. 

5 The teacher should consult the parent and ask for her coopera- 
tion before assigning a pupil home practice work. 

A University of the State of New York Bulletin by Lewis A. 
Wilson contains a complete homemaking bibliography. 



Suggested programs for pupils in agriculture 



FIRST YEAR SECOND YEAR THIRD YEAR 


FOURTH YEAR 


First year English 


Third year agriculture even years 


Algebra Second year 
English 


Fourth year agriculture odd years 


( First year agriculture even years 


Third year English 




[ Second year agriculture odd years 


Physics 


or Chemistry 




Geometry 




American history 
with civics 


Biology 






Fourth year 
English 


History 







^ Substitute homemaking for agriculture in programs for pupils in homemaking. 



i6 



FIRST YEAR 


SECOND YEAR 


THIRD YEAR , FOURTH YEAR 


Biology 






Fourth year 
English 




Geometry 


! American history 
with civics 


First year Eng- 
lish 




Third year agriculture even years 


Algebra 


Second year Eng- 
lish 


Fourth year agriculture odd years 




History 






First year agriculture even years 


Third year 
English 




Second year agricult 


jre odd years 


Physics or Chemistry 



Suggested programs for small high schools maintaining courses in 
agriculture and homemaking 



FIRST TEACHER 
SCIENCE AND 
MATHEMATICS 


SECOND TEACHER 

ENGLISH AND 

HISTORY 


TEACHER OF 
AGRICULTURE 


TEACHER OF 
HOMEMAKING 




First year 
English 


Third and fourth 
year agriculture 


Third and fourth 
year homemaking 


Algebra 


Second year 
English 






Third year 
English 


First and second 
year agriculture 


First and second 
year homemaking 


Physics or chemistry 




Geometry 


American history 


Home projects 
and extension 




Biology 


Fourth year 
English 


Grades 




History 





17 



FIRST TEACHER 
SCIENCE AND 
MATHEMATICS 


SECOND TEACHER 

ENGLISH AND 

HISTORY 


TEACHER OF 
AGRICULTURE 


TEACHER OF 
HOMEMAKING 


Biology 


Fourth year 
English 






Geometry 


American history 
with civics 








First year 
English 


Third and fourth 
year agriculture 


Third and fourth 
year homemaking 


Algebra 


Second year 
English 


1 History 








Third year 
English 


First and second 
year agriculture 


First and second 
year homemaking 


Physics or chemistry 





LIBRftRY OF CONGRESS 



002 744 424 6 



